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Scientific
and social journal SUMMARY ZURAB
TSUTSKIRIDZE
Any intentional action which considers creation, alteration or destruction of something is based on a specific concept. In the article, the author discusses the main aspects of the concept that is the basis of the current reform of the Georgian education system. As a result of this, instead of the reformed system, we ended up with a deformed education system.
GIORGI
GOGOLASHVILI Georgians have always had an understanding that a) Education is vital for such a small nation as Georgia; b) Education is a continuous process: Preschool education (kindergarten), school (elementary, middle, high) and higher education (college, university). After in-depth study of the issue, it has been established that serious problems are taking place during all stages of the educational system. Unfortunately, the single uniformed system has collapsed. It has been politicized, and unprofessionalism has increased. Less attention is paid to the moral upbringing of the younger generation; other issues are emerging as well. National science also faces serious problems. If this situation continues, Georgian science will lose any prospect of development and progress.
TENGIZ
KAMUSHADZE The young Georgian Government that came to power through the “Rose Revolution” in 2004 immediately embarked on reforms in the economic, political and social spheres of the country. The education system is such a delicate and sensitive phenomenon of the spiritual life of the nation, that the processes that occur within it require an extremely balanced approach. Moreover, it is inappropriate to carry out such reforms based on favoritism or emotions. The author presents an example based on Tbilisi State University. He demonstrates how this type of approach was the cause of the destruction of the “White Temple” that was built with tremendous love and passion for nearly a century. He shows how the scientific disciplines that had considerable practical importance for Georgia have disappeared. According to the author this is caused by everybody; by today’s government and by current opposition who actively participated in drafting this senseless reform.
TEIMURAZ
MIRIANASHVILI In the letter addressed to the ambassador of the United States of America the author poses a question – why is United States who carries the image of democracy standard-bearer in the world silent about the transgressions and anti-democratic actions towards the human rights which today’s so called “beacon of democracy” Georgian government has established into everyday life.
GVANTSA
KOPLATADZE The article analyzes the events that have taken place in Georgia for the past three decades. The author shares the opinion of Ilia Chavchavadze - the nation that wants to maintain its identity must understand the time and be able to respond to its demands accordingly. At this time, a particular responsibility rests on intellectuals as the thinkers and the leaders of the nation. The author mentions the reasons that have prevented the intellectuals from carrying out their mission and leading the nation on a path of peace: inability to understand political events, fear of losing prestige and indecisiveness. Unfortunately, the situation could not be changed by the activities of a few. Even though they had the relevant knowledge for existing conditions and courage to tell the truth, their voices were overpowered by the majority.
ANZOR TOTADZE
Georgia is facing difficult times. The ruling party – national movement that came to power by the “Rose Revolution” has brought the country to the brink of dilapidation during the last 8 years of its administration. The article discusses harsh political and socio-economical conditions that exist in this country. It examines activities carried out by the nationals against the nation’s social and spiritual life. On October 1st 2012, Parliamentary elections are set to take place. The main opponent of the ruling party is coalition “Georgian Dream” led by businessman Mr. Bidzina Ivanishvili – well‑known for his illustrious, selfless charity and the love of his country and people. Thousands of people attend his pre-election meetings in different regions of the country. He is considered the hope for the country’s salvation. This fact alarms the ruling party. It tries to disrupt “Georgian Dream’s” pre-election activities by inconceivable and immoral means. People’s faith in Mr. Bidzina Ivanishvili is so strong that he can easily quote the words of a prominent Georgian poet Nikoloz Baratashvili: "The time is mine, and I am its hope".
TINA
IVELASHVILI
The so-called “Mosque” that has been preserved in the architectural complex of the Akhaltshikhe city fortress has a very interesting history. It was built as a Georgian Orthodox church in the early period (at least 9th century). Later, (after the 2nd half of the 18th century) it had a structural addition that resembled a mosque. Only from 1772 to 1828 (76 years) it served as an official prayer hall for Pasha’s court. But it never served as a mosque for the Muslims living in Akhaltsikhe. In reality, the structure was built according to Aia Sofia, and it has always represented an ecclesiastic architectural monument. After capturing Akhaltsikhe by Paskevish, the fortress was occupied by the Russian army. The so-called “mosque” became a temple of warship for the garrison without any need of alteration as the Orthodox Church. In 1850 by the order of the Russian Emperor, Exarchos Isidor blessed it with the name: “Dormition of Mother of God.” The church functioned in this status till 1921 (93 years). Proceeding from national and state interests, in the border region, in Akhaltsikhe, it is unacceptable to restore the structural addition performed in the 18th century (the so-called “mosque”) to the 11th century Georgian historical monument as a mosque. If the initiators and sponsors of the restoration want to restore the monument from a historical point of view then they should do it to its original form - Georgian Orthodox Church.
IUZA
EVGENIDZE
The article is a collection and analysis of the opinions of 19th century Georgian writers about the people living in the regions of Caucasus. Based on extensive research, the author makes an objective conclusion. He states that our writers, who possessed the nation’s best qualities, saw dignity and moral characteristics even in those Caucasian neighbors who over centuries haunted Georgia with constant attacks. Because of such objectivity Georgians have been regarded as a progressive nation in the Caucasus and gained the corresponding respect. So, the best teachings as to what principles Georgian government should build relations with the neighboring peoples of the Caucasus come from our esteemed and noble ancestors.
BONDO
ARVELADZE The article examines a series of articles written in Russian by Georgian citizen Mr. Artiush Sanosian. Sanosian, Candidate of Science. The article is entitled, “…And the White Genocide”, 2006. The article reviews the author’s distorted view of past and present of the Georgian people. Armenologist B. Arveladze often has to remind Armenian authors of various established facts according to which Georgians always assisted Armenians during difficult times. Despite religious differences, the Armenian refuges and not only refugees always found sanctuary in Georgia. Unfortunately, some Armenians have always been ungrateful towards Georgians offering assistance. Armenian settlers try to appropriate Georgian land and culture. They try to achieve this despicable objective by just as despicable methods - endless slander or falsification and fabrication of facts. A century ago Ilia Chavchavadze responded to the unfounded claims of the Armenian scientists. The situation has not changed; the same is taking place today. Georgian Scientists are compelled to respond appropriately to protect the public interests.
NODAR
LOMOURI Today, the situation in Shida Kartli (or so called “South Ossetia”) is getting more and more heated. The aggression of Ossetian separatists is escalating. Recently, it became known that the so-called local government plans to eliminate a number of Georgian villages and do away with their names. Given this increasing aggressiveness, the author once again demonstrates how illegal and outrageous these types of actions are. It is argued that the main cause for this is the historical aspect of creating so-called “South Ossetia. Ossetian separatist ideologists attempt to justify their political moves by falsifying the history of this region. This problem has been thoroughly studied in Georgian historiography. It has been established that the relocation of Ossetians into the territory of Georgia began in the 17th century after the Mongols and Tamerlane defeated an Ossetian coalition in North Caucasus and drew them to mountain gorges of the Caucasus. According to the confession of the Ossetian scientist Vasiliy Abayev, Ossetians migrated to Georgian territory due to “shortage of land and extreme poverty”. In the first half of the 19th century, the process expanded to other districts of Georgia, but those settlements were scattered and not compact. The Problem’s origin is the result of establishing the “Autonomous Region of South Ossetia”. It took place after the conquest of the sovereign Democratic Republic of Georgia by the Soviet Russia. In 1922, by the order of the Soviet Government, the Autonomous Region of South Ossetia was established. This happened in gratitude to Ossetians who supported the Red Army’s invasion of Georgia in 1920-1921; however, to obtain the full status of an Autonomous Region, the Ossetian population was insufficient. Therefore, towns and villages occupied by Georgians were included as well. The ancient Georgian city of Tskhinvali was announced as the capital. Later, in 1934, it was renamed as Stalinir. These issues are properly covered in Georgian historiography. From a historical point of view there is no doubt that the establishment of the Autonomous Region of South Ossetia on the territory of Shida Kartli was totally unjustified. For centuries this area politically, ethnically, culturally and economically has been an integral part of Georgia. These are the actual postulates that today’s Ossetian separatist and their supporters should take into account.
ZURAB
TSUTSKIRIDZE
Today it is obvious even with a naked eye that a mass attack is carried out against Georgia’s National consciousness. The author discusses what our well-wishers are trying to eradicate from the minds of Georgians and what they are trying to implement instead. He points out the moral aspects of deadly threats to our future.
TEMUR
ARBOLISHVILI The article refers to the policy pursued by the Georgian government towards the forcibly displaced persons in their own homeland. The author reveals the shortcomings of this policy which further burdens the already existing conditions of the refugees. The author provides suggestions the implementation of which should result in significantly improving the living conditions.
ZURAB
JORBENADZE In developed countries, human rights, liberty, freedom of expression is obvious. The degree of democracy of a country is measured by how well the state guarantees the protection of these rights. A good example of this would be well developed countries like United States of America, France and Germany. Based on the above circumstances, it is obvious that from 1998 to the present the reforms in the Georgian court system did not yield relevant results. On the contrary, they rather worsened the existing justice system. The current court system does not meet the principles of justice, or democracy or impartiality. This causes fair discontent of citizens living inside and outside of the country. In view of the fact international organizations have rebuked multiple times. This is evidenced by numerous complaints lodged by Georgian citizens in European human rights protection courts; large percentage of complaints has been approved. The author believes the main reason for the current situation in the Georgian court system is the result of direct pressure and control carried out by the government.
MAMUKA
TSUKHISHVILI
The author of the letter characterizes the administration of the Georgian government as being criminal. He tries to compile the main directions of the current regime in ten types of crimes.
GRANI
KAVTARIA
Gaius Caesar – Caligula arose like a natural disaster for world Empire of Rome. He possessed every negative human quality. The emperor was above the state and the law. One man's desire and will stood above the interests of the country. According to ancient authors, Caligula was mentally handicapped. The evidence of this is several grand projects carried out by his order that lacked any practical purpose. The emperor considered himself as God and demanded equivalent worship from his subjects. Four-year reign of Caligula (34-41AD) was an era of complete lawlessness.
GRIGOL
RUKHADZE The article addresses the issue of canonicity of newly created Mother of God icon “Thou Art a Vineyard” (Shen Khar Venakhi). It depicts infant Jesus with a left hand a raised in blessing. According to the author due to improper and unauthorized use of symbolism, the icon “Thou Art a Vineyard” is not created according to canonical rules and thus does not possess any ecclesiastical function.
TEIMURAZ
PANJIKIDZE The letter-review is an editor’s preface to a rather interesting book by Guram Kerashvili: "Khevi and Mokhevians”. The book portrays one of the oldest and most beautiful regions of Georgia –Khevi. It illustrates its history, daily life, past and present; borders, gorges, historic villages, churches, fortresses, early chapels, toponyms and genealogy of last names. It presents the issues that exist in today’s Khevi and in Mtianeti of Georgia in general. |